A Cédula de Produto Rural (CPR) Verde é um título de crédito que pode ser emitido pelo produtor rural e concessionário de florestas que realize serviços ambientais de conservação ou recuperação de florestas nativas e seus biomas resultando em:
- redução de emissão de gases do efeito estufa;
- manutenção ou aumento do estoque de carbono florestal;
- redução do desmatamento e da degradação de vegetação nativa;
- conservação da biodiversidade;
- conservação dos recursos hídricos;
- conservação do solo; ou
- outros benefícios ecossistêmicos.
O Decreto Federal nº 10.828, de 1º de outubro de 2021, criou este instrumento, mas não detalhou o seu funcionamento. Vamos entender melhor?
A CPR tradicional já é usada pelo produtor rural há anos. Instituída pela Lei Federal nº 8.929, de 22 de agosto de 1994, é o principal meio de financiamento da cadeia produtiva do agronegócio: o produtor rural recebe dinheiro e, em troca, promete a entrega do produto rural ao investidor, geralmente, ofertando um bem imóvel como garantia.
A CPR é um título negociável no mercado de balcão. Através deste instrumento, o produtor rural recebe financiamento a preços razoáveis, enquanto o investidor adquire um título que pode facilmente ser negociado em bolsa, assegurando liquidez.
As diferenças entre um e outro tipo de CPR são que na CPR Verde o produto é o serviço ambiental prestado e o emissor, além do produtor rural, pode ser o concessionário de florestas. Ou seja, a CPR Verde é um meio de financiamento de serviços ambientais –dito em outras palavras, é um instrumento legal para o pagamento por serviços ambientais (PSA).
Você deve estar se perguntando como acontece a retribuição ao investidor, não é mesmo? Vou dar um exemplo: A CPR Verde permite que os produtores/concessionários negociem árvores em crescimento ou que já estejam “em pé”, assim como o sequestro de carbono por elas realizado. Nesse exemplo, a retribuição ao financiador só fica prejudicada se a árvore for derrubada, tendo como consequência a ausência de prestação do serviço de sequestro de carbono. O produto da CPR Verde, portanto, não é apropriável, ainda que possa ser verificado e quantificado.
Assim como na CPR tradicional, a CPR Verde é um instrumento privado e facultativo: os investidores interessados em aplicar recursos em serviços ambientais e os proprietários rurais ou concessionários de florestas interessados em prestar tais serviços devem se encontrar e acertar entre si prazos e pagamentos.
Sabe o que isso significa dizer? Que pode ser mais vantajoso investir na preservação do que na produção rural.
O título é emitido pelo produtor rural/concessionário e, posteriormente, registrado junto a agentes autorizados, como bolsas de valores e instituições financeiras. Após essa etapa, deverá ser certificado por auditoria externa ou de terceira parte, para indicação e especificação dos serviços ambientais que o lastreiam.
Quer saber o mais incrível? A CPR Verde poderá ser emitida considerando áreas de preservação obrigatórias, como as de preservação permanente (APP) ou reservas legais. Inclusive, esses recursos podem ser usados para a recuperação destas áreas. É isso mesmo! Você, produtor rural, pode receber para preservar área de floresta que, por lei, não pode ser convertida para a produção rural.
Para fechar com chave de ouro: em uma mesma área, podem ser emitidas diversas CPR Verdes, desde que não sejam para o mesmo tipo de serviço. Por exemplo, é possível emitir uma CPR Verde para o sequestro de carbono e, outra, para a recuperação de recursos hídricos.
Ainda tem dúvida se a CPR Verde é um negócio vantajoso? Nós, da InCarbon, temos certeza
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